The article “Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Kidney Diseases: Potential and Challenges” reviews the use of MSCs for kidney diseases. MSCs show promise in treating both acute and chronic kidney diseases by modulating immune responses, reducing cell apoptosis, and promoting regeneration through paracrine mechanisms. The review outlines MSCs’ biological characteristics, therapeutic efficacy, underlying mechanisms, and ongoing clinical trials, while also addressing current limitations and potential strategies for enhancing MSC therapy.